Ketamine
Ketalar
Class:
Sedative, Analgesic dissociative anesthetic
Sedative, Analgesic dissociative anesthetic
Mechanism of Action:
Blocks pain receptors adn minimizes spinal cord activity, affecting the association pathways of the brain between the thalamus and the limbic system.
Blocks pain receptors adn minimizes spinal cord activity, affecting the association pathways of the brain between the thalamus and the limbic system.
Indications:
- Excited delirium.
- Pain management.
- Procedural sedation.
- Seizure (off-label medical control).
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity.
- Conditions where hypertension could be dangerous to the patient's care.
Adverse reactions:
Hypertension, dysrhythmia, bronchodilation, respiratory depression.
Hypertension, dysrhythmia, bronchodilation, respiratory depression.
Drug Interactions
Ketamine increases the effects of opiates, barbituates and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers.
Ketamine increases the effects of opiates, barbituates and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers.
Adult Dosage and Administration
- Excited Delirium: 4mg/kg IM only.
- Pain: 0.3-0.5 mg/kg IV, may repeat IV dose once in 10 minutes or 1 mg/kg IM/IN, may repeat IM/IN dose once in 20 minutes.
- RSI: 2mg/kg IV
- Analgesia and sedation for intubated patients: 1-2 mg/kg IV every 30-40min (Not allowed in all systems - know your local protocols)
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Pediatric Dosage and Administration:Not recommended.
Duration of action
- Onset: 10 minutes
- Peak Effect: 1-2 hours
- Duration: 2-6 hours
Special Considerations:
- Pregnancy Safety: Category C.
Contraindicated for use during pregnancy. - Use in caution in older patients due to a higher risk of renal and fatal GI adverse reactions.