Racemic Epinenphrine
Class:
Sympathomimetic
Sympathomimetic
Mechanism of Action:
- Stimulates alpha-1 receptors reducing subglottic edema in croup by mucosal vascular bed vasoconstriction.
- Stimulates beta-2 receptors in the smaller airways in lungs causing bronchodilation with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. Reduces airway resistance. Useful in treating laryngeal edema; inhibits histamine release.
Indications:
- Croup.
- Laryngeal edema.
- Bronchial asthma.
Contraindications:
- Hypertension.
- Underlying cardiovascular disease.
- Epiglottitis.
Adverse reactions:
Headache, anxiety, fear, nervousness, respiratory weakness, palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, nausea, vomoting.
Headache, anxiety, fear, nervousness, respiratory weakness, palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, nausea, vomoting.
Drug Interactions
- Beta blockers may blunt the effect.
- MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors; antidepressants) may potentiate the effect.
Adult Dosage and Administration
11.25 mg (0.5 ml) Dilute 0.5 ml solution for inhalation with 2.5 ml NS in nebulizer.
11.25 mg (0.5 ml) Dilute 0.5 ml solution for inhalation with 2.5 ml NS in nebulizer.
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Pediatric Dosage and Administration:Same as adult dosing.
Duration of Action
- Onset: within 5 minutes.
- Peak Effect: 5-15 minutes.
- Duration: 1-3 hours.
Special Considerations:
- Pregnancy safety: Category C.
- Excessive use may cause bronchospasm.
- May have a strong rebound effect after drug wears off.