Calcium Chloride
Calcium Chloride / Calcium Gluconate
Class:
Electrolyte.
Electrolyte.
Mechanism of Action:
- Increases cardiac contractile state (positive inotropic effect).
- May enhance ventricular automaticity.
- Helps stabilize the cell membrane.
Indications:
- Hyperkalemia
- Magnesium sulafate overdose
- Calcium channel blocker toxicity
- Crush syndrome
Contraindications:
Hypercalcemia, VF during cardiac resuscitation; digitalis toxicity.
Hypercalcemia, VF during cardiac resuscitation; digitalis toxicity.
Adverse reactions:
Bradycardia, asystole, hypotension, peripheral vasodilation, metallic taste, local necrosis, coronary and cerebral artery spasm, nausea, vomiting.
Bradycardia, asystole, hypotension, peripheral vasodilation, metallic taste, local necrosis, coronary and cerebral artery spasm, nausea, vomiting.
Drug Interactions:
- Do not mix with Sodium Bicarbonate in running IV, flush prior to administration in same IV line
- May worsen dysrhythmias secondary to digitalis.
- May antagonize effects of Verapamil.
Adult Dosage and Administration
500-1000 mg of 10% solution slowly IV over 5 minutes; may repeat in 10 minutes (maximum 1g dose).
500-1000 mg of 10% solution slowly IV over 5 minutes; may repeat in 10 minutes (maximum 1g dose).
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Pediatric Dosage and Administration:20 mg/kg/dose of 10% solution slow IV / IO (maximum: 1g dose); (may repeat in 10 minutes.)
If calcium gluconate is unavailable, 1-2 ml of 10% calcium chloride solution, diluted with IV fluid may be substituted.
Duration of Action:
- Onset: 5-15 minutes.
- Peak effect: 3-5 minutes.
- Duration: 15-30 minutes but may persist for 4 hours (dose dependent).
Special Considerations:
- Pregnancy safety: Category C.
- For pediatrics: If calcium gluconate is unavailable, 1-2 ml of 10% calcium chloride solution, diluted with IV fluid may be substituted.
- Avoid extravasation, since severe necrosis and sloughing may occur.